ansible小结(一)ansible的安装
一、简介
Ansible 是一个配置管理和应用部署工具,功能类似于目前业界的配置管理工具 Chef,Puppet,Saltstack。Ansible 是通过 Python 语言开发。Ansible 平台由 Michael DeHaan 创建,他同时也是知名软件 Cobbler 与 Func 的作者。Ansible 的第一个版本发布于 2012 年 2 月。Ansible 默认通过 SSH 协议管理机器,所以 Ansible 不需要安装客户端程序在服务器上。您只需要将 Ansible 安装在一台服务器,在 Ansible 安装完后,您就可以去管理控制其它服务器。不需要为它配置数据库,Ansible 不会以 daemons 方式来启动或保持运行状态。Ansible 可以实现以下目标:
- 自动化部署应用
- 自动化管理配置
- 自动化的持续交付
- 自动化的(AWS)云服务管理。
根据 Ansible 官方提供的信息,当前使用 Ansible 的用户有:evernote、rackspace、NASA、Atlassian、twitter 等。
注:以上简介来自于ibm developerworks 中国的介绍。
二、Ansible的安装
1、yum源安装
以centos为例,默认在源里没有ansible,不过在fedora epel源里有ansible,配置完epel 源后,可以直接通过yum 进行安装。这里以centos6.8为例:
1# yum install http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
2# yum install ansible
2、apt-get安装
在ubuntu及其衍生版中,可以通过增加ppa源进行apt-get安装,具体如下:
1$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
2$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible
3$ sudo apt-get update
4$ sudo apt-get install ansible
3、源码安装
源码安装需要python2.6以上版本,其依赖模块paramiko、PyYAML、Jinja2、httplib2、simplejson、pycrypto模块,以上模块可以通过pip或easy_install 进行安装,不过本部分既然提到的是源码安装,主要针对的无法上外网的情况下,可以通过pypi 站点搜索以上包,下载后通过python setup.py install 进行安装。
最后通过github或pypi上下载ansible源码包,通过python setup.py install 安装即可。由于安装过程相对简单,这里略过,主要介绍安装后,可能遇到的问题。
a、安装PyYAML时,报错如下:
1# python setup.py install
2libyaml is not found or a compiler error: forcing --without-libyaml
3(if libyaml is installed correctly, you may need to
4 specify the option --include-dirs or uncomment and
5 modify the parameter include_dirs in setup.cfg)
6running install_lib
7running install_egg_info
8Removing /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/PyYAML-3.11-py2.6.egg-info
9Writing /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/PyYAML-3.11-py2.6.egg-info
在centos6.8系统中,可以通过yum -y install libyaml 包解决,或者从ISO文件中提供该包,通过rpm -ivh进行安装。
b、安装完ansible是,报错如下:
1[[email protected] ansible-1.9.1]# ansible -h
2Traceback (most recent call last):
3 File "/usr/local/src/ansible-devel/bin/ansible", line 36, in <module>
4 from ansible.runner import Runner
5 File "/usr/local/src/ansible-devel/lib/ansible/runner/__init__.py", line 62, in <module>
6 from Crypto.Random import atfork
7 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/__init__.py", line 29, in <module>
8 from Crypto.Random import _UserFriendlyRNG
9 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/_UserFriendlyRNG.py", line 38, in <module>
10 from Crypto.Random.Fortuna import FortunaAccumulator
11 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaAccumulator.py", line 39, in <module>
12 import FortunaGenerator
13 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaGenerator.py", line 34, in <module>
14 from Crypto.Util.number import ceil_shift, exact_log2, exact_div
15 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py", line 56, in <module>
16 if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC:
17AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC'
import paramiko包时,报错如下:
1>>> import paramiko
2Traceback (most recent call last):
3 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
4 File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/__init__.py", line 69, in <module>
5 from transport import randpool, SecurityOptions, Transport
6 File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/transport.py", line 32, in <module>
7 from paramiko import util
8 File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/util.py", line 32, in <module>
9 from paramiko.common import *
10 File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/common.py", line 98, in <module>
11 from rng import StrongLockingRandomPool
12 File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/rng.py", line 22, in <module>
13 from Crypto.Util.randpool import RandomPool as _RandomPool
14 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/randpool.py", line 30, in <module>
15 import Crypto.Random
16 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/__init__.py", line 29, in <module>
17 from Crypto.Random import _UserFriendlyRNG
18 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/_UserFriendlyRNG.py", line 38, in <module>
19 from Crypto.Random.Fortuna import FortunaAccumulator
20 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaAccumulator.py", line 39, in <module>
21 import FortunaGenerator
22 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaGenerator.py", line 34, in <module>
23 from Crypto.Util.number import ceil_shift, exact_log2, exact_div
24 File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py", line 56, in <module>
25 if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC:
26AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC'
经网上查找,确认为pycrypto包安装时依赖的GMP版本不对的问题,具体可以通过以下步骤验证:
1[[email protected] pycrypto-2.6.1]# python setup.py build
2running build
3running build_py
4running build_ext
5running build_configure
6warning: GMP or MPIR library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
解决方法:
打开 /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py 文件,可以 看到 56 行上的注释说明,要求 libgmp 为 v5 以上版本。而系统现有版本为 4.1.4,把以下两行暂时注释掉,Ansible 执行正常。
1if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC:
2 _warn("Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability.", PowmInsecureWarning)
不过,此方法只是临时加以解决,更好的方式是去将 libgmp 升级到符合要求的版本。
c、执行时报错
1[[email protected] src]# ansible test -m raw -a 'uptime'
210.212.52.14 | FAILED => to use the 'ssh' connection type with passwords, you must install the sshpass program
310.212.52.16 | FAILED => to use the 'ssh' connection type with passwords, you must install the sshpass program
安装sshpass程序。默认源里没有,我这里选择直接从sohu源里下载安装。
三、Ansible的配置与验证
这里以pypi上下载的源码内有一个examles包,可以将使用该示例文件做为默认配置,具体如下:
1[[email protected] ansible-1.9.1]# mkdir -p /etc/ansible
2[[email protected] ansible-1.9.1]# cp -rp examples/* /etc/ansible/
3[[email protected] ansible-1.9.1]# cd /etc/ansible/
使用默认示例配置文件后,编辑/etc/ansible/hosts文件,通过以下方式验证ansible是否可用:
1[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
2[test]
310.212.52.252 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=361way.com
410.212.52.14 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=abc123
510.212.52.16 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=91it.org
以上的配置中,我配置了一个test组,该组下有三台主机,三台都使用root验证,三台的密码分别是361way.com、abc123、91it.org 。
注:后面的用户和密码项是非必须的,在配置key认证的情况下,不使用密码也可以直接操作 。未使用key的,也可以在ansible通过 -k参数在操作前询问手动输入密码。
1[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -a 'uptime'
210.212.52.252 | success | rc=0 >>
3 18:01pm up 21 days 3:24, 3 users, load average: 0.39, 0.38, 0.35
410.212.52.16 | success | rc=0 >>
5 18:09pm up 329 days 1:01, 2 users, load average: 0.08, 0.03, 0.05
610.212.52.14 | success | rc=0 >>
7 18:08pm up 329 days 0:23, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.06, 0.05
执行以上指令后,有结果输出,证明安装成功。
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- Author: shisekong
- Link: https://blog.361way.com/ansible-install/4371.html
- License: This work is under a 知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议. Kindly fulfill the requirements of the aforementioned License when adapting or creating a derivative of this work.