maven打包之hello world
在 maven安装配置及pom.xml与setting.xml优先级 篇中粗略的提到了maven及其相关的配置文件，本文就结合《maven in action》一书中的示例了解下maven打包的用法。本篇中提到的示例中涉及到自动编译和自动测试两块，更简单的仅仅打包的示例可以查看原书代码。
一、目录结构
先看下目录结构：
1[root@361way.com hello-world]# tree
2.
3├── pom.xml
4└── src
5 ├── main
6 │ └── java
7 │ └── com
8 │ └── juvenxu
9 │ └── mvnbook
10 │ └── helloworld
11 │ └── HelloWorld.java
12 └── test
13 └── java
14 └── com
15 └── juvenxu
16 └── mvnbook
17 └── helloworld
18 └── HelloWorldTest.java
二、pom文件内容
上面列出的是hello world项目的代码示例。先看pom文件配置信息：
1[root@361way.com hello-world]# cat pom.xml
2<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
3<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
5 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
6http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
7 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
8 <groupId>com.juvenxu.mvnbook</groupId>
9 <artifactId>hello-world</artifactId> //包的名称
10 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> //包的版本号，生成jar包为hello-wold-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
11 <name>Maven Hello World Project</name>
12 <dependencies>
13 <dependency>
14 <groupId>junit</groupId> //依赖测试包相关信息
15 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
16 <version>4.7</version>
17 <scope>test</scope>
18 </dependency>
19 </dependencies>
20 <build> //build 编译的两个相关包信息
21 <plugins>
22 <plugin>
23 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
24 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
25 <configuration>
26 <source>1.5</source>
27 <target>1.5</target>
28 </configuration>
29 </plugin>
30 <plugin>
31 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
32 <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
33 <version>1.2.1</version>
34 <executions>
35 <execution>
36 <phase>package</phase>
37 <goals>
38 <goal>shade</goal>
39 </goals>
40 <configuration>
41 <transformers>
42 <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
43 <mainClass>com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorld</mainClass> //主函数信息
44 </transformer>
45 </transformers>
46 </configuration>
47 </execution>
48 </executions>
49 </plugin>
50 </plugins>
51 </build>
52</project>
按照上面的信息，我们执行mvn clean target 打包时，会在tree命令查看的同级目录下的target目录产生名为hello-wold-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar的包－－－默认不指定包类型时默认编译的是jar包 。
三、main程序代码
主函数代码内容如下：
1[root@361way.com hello-world]# cat src/main/java/com/juvenxu/mvnbook/helloworld/HelloWorld.java
2package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld;
3public class HelloWorld {
4 public String sayHello()
5 {
6 return "Hello Maven";
7 }
8 public static void main(String[] args)
9 {
10 System.out.print( new HelloWorld().sayHello() );
11 }
12}
四、test测试程序代码
内容如下：
1[root@361way.com hello-world]# cat src/test/java/com/juvenxu/mvnbook/helloworld/HelloWorldTest.java
2package com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld;
3import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
4import org.junit.Test;
5import com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorld;
6public class HelloWorldTest
7{
8 @Test
9 public void testSayHello()
10 {
11 HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld();
12 String result = helloWorld.sayHello();
13 assertEquals( "Hello Maven", result );
14 }
五、编辑执行
需要注意的是，执行完在target/目录，可以看到hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar和original-hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar两个jar包，前者是带有Main-Class信息的可执行jar，后者是原始的jar，打开hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar的META-INF/MANIFEST.MF，可以看到它包含这样一行信息： Main-Class:com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorld
1[root@361way.com hello-world]# mvn clean package
2[INFO] Scanning for projects...
3[WARNING]
4[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.juvenxu.mvnbook:hello-world:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
5[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin is missing. @ line 21, column 14
6[WARNING]
7[WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
8[WARNING]
9[WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
10[WARNING]
11[INFO]
12[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
13[INFO] Building Maven Hello World Project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
14[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
15[INFO]
16[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-world ---
17[INFO]
18[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-world ---
19[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
20[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/src/main/resources
21[INFO]
22[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-world ---
23[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
24[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
25[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/target/classes
26[INFO]
27[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello-world ---
28[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
29[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/src/test/resources
30[INFO]
31[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello-world ---
32[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
33[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
34[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/target/test-classes
35[INFO]
36[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello-world ---
37[INFO] Surefire report directory: /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/target/surefire-reports
38-------------------------------------------------------
39 T E S T S
40-------------------------------------------------------
41Running com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorldTest
42Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.034 sec
43Results :
44Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
45[INFO]
46[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ hello-world ---
47[INFO] Building jar: /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
48[INFO]
49[INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:1.2.1:shade (default) @ hello-world ---
50[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
51[INFO] Replacing /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with /tmp/ch-3/hello-world/target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
52[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
53[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
54[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
55[INFO] Total time: 3.374 s
56[INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-16T21:47:16+08:00
57[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/30M
58[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
由于之前我已经执行过，所以依赖的包在本地仓库中都存在，所以这里直接取本地仓库中的三个依赖包，在进行测试的过程中也未发现错误，后最编译的jar包位置在示例中也有所体现。再看下新增加目录结构
1[root@361way.com hello-world]# ll
2total 12
3-rw------- 1 root root 1683 Aug 26 2010 pom.xml
4drwx------ 4 root root 4096 Oct 10 2009 src
5drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Dec 6 21:47 target
6[root@361way.com hello-world]# tree target/
7target/
8├── classes
9│ └── com
10│ └── juvenxu
11│ └── mvnbook
12│ └── helloworld
13│ └── HelloWorld.class
14├── hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
15├── maven-archiver
16│ └── pom.properties
17├── maven-status
18│ └── maven-compiler-plugin
19│ ├── compile
20│ │ └── default-compile
21│ │ ├── createdFiles.lst
22│ │ └── inputFiles.lst
23│ └── testCompile
24│ └── default-testCompile
25│ ├── createdFiles.lst
26│ └── inputFiles.lst
27├── original-hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
28├── surefire-reports
29│ ├── com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorldTest.txt
30│ └── TEST-com.juvenxu.mvnbook.helloworld.HelloWorldTest.xml
31└── test-classes
32 └── com
33 └── juvenxu
34 └── mvnbook
35 └── helloworld
36 └── HelloWorldTest.class
3718 directories, 11 files
六、打包相关的几个指令
maven打包过程中经常用到如下几个指令：mvn clean compile，mvn clean test，mvn clean package，mvn clean install 。也可以不加clean，这里以mvn clean package为例，如果当前源代码目录下之前打过包，存在target目录，增加clean 参数会先清理掉之前打包的文件，再重新进行打包操作。
mvn clean compile :该操作是将java源代码在target目录编译成.class文件；
mvn clean test:这个是调用pom文件中junit插件及本机的test目录的测试功能，作用很显然，就是执行上面打包过程中test的包程；
mvn clean package:除执行上面的两上步骤外，还会按pom文件中配置，打包为jar、war、zip格式，并输出相应的包名称；
mvn clean install :这个是将打好的包上传到本地仓库中。
最后再附下《maven in action》 和《maven权威指南》两本书的链接及其中的部分源码。
链接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dEeocxj 密码: fv9m
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- Author: shisekong
- Link: https://blog.361way.com/maven-hello-world/4874.html
- License: This work is under a 知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议. Kindly fulfill the requirements of the aforementioned License when adapting or creating a derivative of this work.