Maven deploy war到tomcat6、tomcat7
在之前的篇幅中提到了maven的配置、功能及简单的demo部署，本篇针对tomcat6 、tomcat7使用maven deploy war包的方法分别做下总结。配置之前需要准备好maven3 、tomcat6、tomcat7，并为maven安装好Maven-Tomcat plugin 插件。tomcat两个版本的deploy url 和命令分别如下：
1# Tomcat 7
2Deploy URL = http://localhost:8080/manager/text
3Command = mvn tomcat7:deploy
4# Tomcat 6
5Deploy URL = http://localhost:8080/manager/
6Command = mvn tomcat6:deploy
一、Tomcat7配置示例
1、配置tomcat认证
在tomcat manager中增加一个用户并配置在manager-gui 和 manager-script组中：
1# cat %TOMCAT7_PATH%/conf/tomcat-users.xml
2<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
3<tomcat-users>
4 <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
5 <role rolename="manager-script"/>
6 <user username="admin" password="password" roles="manager-gui,manager-script" />
7</tomcat-users>
2、maven认证配置
在maven的setting配置文件中增加刚刚配置的用户信息，如下：
1# %MAVEN_PATH%/conf/settings.xml
2<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
3<settings ...>
4 <servers>
5 <server>
6 <id>TomcatServer</id>
7 <username>admin</username>
8 <password>password</password>
9 </server>
10 </servers>
11</settings>
3、pom文件配置
在pom.xml 文件中配置tomcat7-maven-plugin的调用，并指定发布的URL与应用路径：
1# cat pom.xml
2<plugin>
3 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
4 <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
5 <version>2.2</version>
6 <configuration>
7 <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url>
8 <server>TomcatServer</server>
9 <path>/MyWebApp</path>
10 </configuration>
11 </plugin>
4、deploy发布
发布相关指令：
1mvn tomcat7:deploy
2mvn tomcat7:undeploy
3mvn tomcat7:redeploy
初次部署用的是tomcat7:deploy命令，重新部署可以用tomcat7:redeploy命令（推荐统一用这个），Tomcat Maven插件支持的命令包括：run、shutdown、run-war-only、exec-war、standalone-war-only、deploy、standalone-war、undeploy、run-war、redeploy等。
具体发布示例：
1> mvn tomcat7:deploy
2...
3[INFO] Deploying war to http://localhost:8080/mkyongWebApp
4Uploading: http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp&update=true
5Uploaded: http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp&update=true (13925 KB at 35250.9 KB/sec)
6[INFO] tomcatManager status code:200, ReasonPhrase:OK
7[INFO] OK - Deployed application at context path /MyWebApp
8[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
9[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
10[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
11[INFO] Total time: 8.507 s
12[INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-18T11:35:25+08:00
13[INFO] Final Memory: 28M/308M
14[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
二、Tomcat6 deploy示例
1、配置tomcat认证
1# cat %TOMCAT6_PATH%/conf/tomcat-users.xml
2<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
3<tomcat-users>
4 <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
5 <role rolename="manager-script"/>
6 <user username="admin" password="password" roles="manager-gui,manager-script" />
7</tomcat-users>
2、配置maven认证
1# cat %MAVEN_PATH%/conf/settings.xml
2<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
3<settings ...>
4 <servers>
5 <server>
6 <id>TomcatServer</id>
7 <username>admin</username>
8 <password>password</password>
9 </server>
10 </servers>
11</settings>
3、tomcat maven插件配置
1#编辑pom.xml 文件增加如下内容
2<plugin>
3 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
4 <artifactId>tomcat6-maven-plugin</artifactId>
5 <version>2.2</version>
6 <configuration>
7 <url>http://localhost:8080/manager</url>
8 <server>TomcatServer</server>
9 <path>/mkyongWebApp</path>
10 </configuration>
11 </plugin>
4、deploy发布
1mvn tomcat6:deploy
2mvn tomcat6:undeploy
3mvn tomcat6:redeploy
发布示例：
1> mvn tomcat6:deploy
2...
3[INFO] Deploying war to http://localhost:8080/MyWebApp
4Uploading: http://localhost:8080/manager/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp
5Uploaded: http://localhost:8080/manager/deploy?path=%2FMyWebApp (13925 KB at 32995.5 KB/sec)
6[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
7[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
8[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
9[INFO] Total time: 22.652 s
10[INFO] Finished at: 2014-03-18T12:18:54+08:00
11[INFO] Final Memory: 30M/308M
12[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
三、可能遇到的问题
1、redeploy无法删旧的目录内容
具体在$TOMCAT_HOME/logs下的catalina日志，如下：
1信息: Undeploying context [/web-loab]
2Mar 18, 2014 13:52:26 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.ExpandWar deleteDir
3严重: [D:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.56\webapps\web-loab\WEB-INF] could not be completely deleted. The presence of the remaining files may cause problems
这是因为Tomcat还在使用这个目录，无法删除，必须修改$TOMCAT_HOME/conf/context.xml：
1<Context antiJARLocking="true" antiResourceLocking="true">
2、Servelt.class offending
deploy以后web项目无法启动，具体报错如下：
1Mar 18, 2014 13:46:29 下午 org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
2信息: validateJarFile(D:\tomcat\apache-tomcat-7.0.56\webapps\web-loab\WEB-INF\lib\servlet-api-6.0.29.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 3.0, section 10.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
原因是webapps目录下的某个Web项目的WEB-INF/lib目录下有servlet-api.jar，删除之，并在pom.xml中指定servelt-api.jar的scope为provided：
1<dependency>
2 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
3 <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
4 <version>6.0.29</version>
5 <scope>provided</scope>
6</dependency>
四、总结
maven的deploy功能虽然不错，不过还是有一此局限。要求从本地开发环境能直接访问Tomcat服务器所在网段；并且要求tomcat开启manager功能－－－该功能本身就是把双刃剑，用不好也会存在安全隐患；而且不能保存历史版本包。所以相较不如目前公司使用的bamboo方案：先将包打好为zip包后，根据版本统一存放在内部的一台http服务器上，再通过内部脚本实现的deploy系统实现停tomcat、删除旧文件、解压新文件到tomcat app目录、更新配置文件、再次启动tomcat的步骤 。同时所有的tomcat也都阉割了manager功能，在一定程度上也杜绝了一些安全隐患。
不过bamboo内部也是通过配置调用如maven、ant这类工具来实现的，而且maven本身的deploy功能也并非一无是处，在开发人员测试代码时就比较好用。
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- Author: shisekong
- Link: https://blog.361way.com/maven-tomcat7-deploy/4894.html
- License: This work is under a 知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议. Kindly fulfill the requirements of the aforementioned License when adapting or creating a derivative of this work.